LLenny's Podcast
← All episodes
Bangaly Kaba (YouTube, Instagram, Facebook, Instacart)26 May 2024

Unorthodox frameworks for growing your product, career, and impact

7Frameworks
15Insights

Frameworks in this episode

Insights & moments

The myth-busts, hot takes, explainers, and tools worth keeping.

Hot Take· 4

Hot Take08:30

Optimize for Impact, Not Comp — Pay Is Just an Output

Bangaly argues that compensation is the wrong thing to optimize for because it is a lagging reflection of the impact you drive. Your level, scope, and independence all derive from how much impact you have, so impact is the real input to steer by. Chase impact and comp follows; chase comp directly and you miss the lever.

  • Compensation is a reflection of the input — the impact you have — not something to optimize directly
  • Seniority and scope are derivatives of how much impact you drive
  • The more impact you drive, the more people trust you to operate independently and the more scope you get
  • Simple career advice: to get promoted, just find more ways to have impact

it's not compensation compensation is a reflection of the input the impact that you're having

Bangaly Kaba · 08:30
#career#impact#compensation#promotion
Hot Take16:00

Your Manager Is the Single Most Important Variable

Not all environment variables are equal — the manager sits above the rest because a good one can move the chess pieces to fix your scope, team, and even culture issues over time. This is why people say they don't leave a job, they leave a manager. The practical move is to dispassionately articulate the challenges you're seeing and tie them to how they hurt your work.

  • The manager is the most important environment variable because they can actually change the others
  • A great manager is empathetic, aware, and a strong communicator who can move pieces around
  • No one but your manager can meaningfully increase your scope or fix team/culture gaps
  • Articulate challenges dispassionately and tie them to impact so the manager can help you build a plan

manager is the most important variable in the environment

Bangaly Kaba · 16:00

they don't leave a job they leave a manager

Bangaly Kaba · 16:30
#management#career#environment
Hot Take19:00

Great Communicators Rise Even With Nothing Underneath

Of all the PM skills, Bangaly says communication tends to be the most impactful — for better and for worse. You see poor executors who are incredible communicators keep rising because they tell a great story, even when there's no substance under the covers. It's a blunt observation about how careers actually move.

  • Communication is one of the most important skills, above pure execution
  • Poor executors who communicate well often keep rising on storytelling alone
  • Look under the covers and sometimes there's no substance there
  • The flip side of communication is listening — hearing others to know how to communicate back

you see this for people who are poor executors but incredible communicators and they seem to continue to rise and Rise

Bangaly Kaba · 19:00

when you look under the covers there's nothing there there's no substance there

Bangaly Kaba · 19:00
#communication#skills#career
Hot Take51:30

Product Isn't 'CEO of the Product' — It's a Team Sport

Bangaly rejects the 'PM as CEO' analogy in favor of PM as a coach of a team sport. Not everyone needs to be a LeBron or Kobe — you need strong role players who feel valued and are put in the right seat. The leader's job is to groom those role players and think about their 'coaching tree' — the people they helped grow into bigger roles.

  • The 'you're the CEO of the product' analogy is wrong — PM is a team sport
  • You don't need all stars; you need strong, valued role players in the right seats
  • Leading is being the coach — grooming people and maximizing them
  • Think about your 'coaching tree' — the leaders you helped build up; their success is your success

people talk a lot about product as a you know you're the CEO and I don't actually fully believe that analogy

Bangaly Kaba · 51:30

not everyone needs to be a LeBron James or Kobe Bryan right you need you need role players

Bangaly Kaba · 52:00
#leadership#management#product#coaching

Story· 9

Story14:00

How Too Much Scope Burned Him Out at Facebook

Bangaly ran Facebook's people-recommendations team with 30 engineers and huge resources, but the scope was actually too big to deliver without burning out. Layered on top of two or three concurrent manager changes, he had no one to lean on and couldn't see the forest for the trees. There was nothing wrong with the team — the confluence of excessive scope and no stable manager just wasn't a fit.

  • Led people-recommendations with ~30 engineers (15 ML, 15 frontend/backend) and lots of resources
  • Too much scope became a problem — he felt under-resourced to deliver everything without burning out
  • Two or three manager changes happened concurrently, leaving no one to help him navigate
  • The environment variables of scope and manager going wrong at once made a great team a bad fit

I had 30 Engineers I was working with 15 machine earning engineers and 15 fun and

Bangaly Kaba · 14:00

in some ways it was too much scope and to me that was problematic

Bangaly Kaba · 14:00
#career#scope#burnout#facebook
Story22:00

The Instagram Colleague Who 'Won Trust in Every Moment'

Early at Instagram, Bangaly watched George Le, who had stood up the growth team, run meetings. George was a masterful listener who could hear a room, recast what was said, and crystallize action items so everyone left with buy-in and clarity. Bangaly studied and emulated that skill — proof that PMs should be students of practice, not just theory.

  • George Le stood up Instagram's growth team and left ~six months after Bangaly joined
  • His gift was listening — hearing the room and recasting it back so everyone felt good
  • He crystallized action items and named people's contributions, winning trust in every moment
  • Bangaly consciously stole and emulated the skill — be a student of practice, not just theory

he had just a really incredible ability to be in a room and hear what was going on to recast it back and make sure…

Bangaly Kaba · 22:30
#communication#instagram#meetings#learning
Story39:30

Instagram's Signup Flow Had Zero Logging in 2016

When Bangaly joined Instagram in January 2016, the signup flow had literally no instrumentation — only counts of how many people started and finished, with eight unknown steps in between. The first move was to add logging fast to find where users dropped, while running quick tests on obviously broken parts of the experience in parallel. A reminder that even iconic products can have shocking measurement gaps.

  • In Jan 2016 Instagram's signup flow logged only top-of-funnel and bottom-of-funnel counts
  • There were eight steps in the funnel with no visibility into the drops between them
  • First priority was instrumenting the funnel as fast as possible to find the leaks
  • In parallel they ran tests on obviously broken parts of the experience to capture quick wins

the signup flow at Instagram had literally no logging to it it had logging of how many people started and how many people ended

Bangaly Kaba · 39:30
#instagram#growth#onboarding#instrumentation
Story01:01:00

Instacart Buried Reorder Behind 7-8 Clicks

Bangaly was shocked that early Instacart made reordering hard, since data showed that after five orders, ~90% of a customer's cart is the same staple items. Reordering took seven or eight clicks to find, and you had to re-add the entire order rather than pick out the milk and blueberries. Fixing the 'adjacent order' — making the next order easy — was likely one of Instacart's biggest growth wins.

  • Data showed that after five orders, ~90% of a customer's order is the same
  • Reordering was buried behind seven or eight clicks
  • You couldn't take pieces — you had to re-add the whole previous order
  • Making the next order easy (the 'adjacent order') was a major growth lever

after five times you go to instacart 90% of your order is the same

Bangaly Kaba · 01:01:00

you had to dig and find it was like seven or eight clicks

Bangaly Kaba · 01:01:30
#instacart#growth#retention#product
Story01:10:30

Instagram's Untold Growth Engine: SEO and Celebrity Partnerships

Everyone credits Instagram's growth to virality and word of mouth, but Bangaly says celebrity partnerships and SEO were core and rarely discussed. A savvy partnerships team taught celebrities to use the platform, the news linked to their profiles, and launching web created canonical SEO tables plus embeds across the internet. Launching web alone increased Instagram's growth by 10% the minute it shipped.

  • Celebrity partnerships were a critical but rarely-discussed growth funnel — they taught celebrities to use Instagram
  • Celebrities set the norm for how the platform was used and got picked up by news and media
  • Launching web created canonical SEO tables plus embeds across news sites, feeding a whole SEO engine
  • Launching web increased Instagram's growth by 10% the minute it launched
  • Invitations, celebrities, SEO, paid media, and own content compounded each other at the top of funnel

another part that goes unspoken still critical to this day was like the celebrity Partnerships was critical

Bangaly Kaba · 01:10:30

the idea of launching web really drove and actually increased Instagram's growth by 10% the minute we launched it

Bangaly Kaba · 01:13:30
#instagram#growth#seo#partnerships
Story01:17:30

The 'Connections Pivot' That Doubled Instagram Retention

Early Instagram treated every follow as equal, so new users loaded up on celebrities — then made their first post to an echo chamber where none of their friends followed them, and quietly churned. In 2017 the team ran the 'connections pivot,' convincing Kevin and Mikey to prioritize real human connections at signup over celebrity recommendations. Retention doubled over about a year and a half — a bigger driver of Instagram's growth than Stories.

  • Early Instagram treated every follow as equal, so new users followed mostly celebrities
  • Users posted into an echo chamber — no friends followed them — and churned months later
  • The 2017 'connections pivot' prioritized real human connections at signup over celebrities
  • Retention doubled over roughly a year and a half — a larger factor than Stories in Instagram's growth

we had to do this thing we called it the connections pivot

Bangaly Kaba · 01:18:00

we literally our retention doubled over the course of like a year and a half

Bangaly Kaba · 01:19:30
#instagram#retention#growth#onboarding
Story01:20:00

The Login Fix That Added 15-20M Users a Year

Hundreds of thousands of people a day couldn't get back into their Instagram accounts, costing 10-12 million users a year to 'account access churn.' Rather than stop people from logging out — many share phones or use prepaid data — the team built an omni-box login, trusted-device text codes, and saved credentials. It added an estimated 15-20M monthly actives a year and, unexpectedly, spawned the multiple-accounts feature.

  • Hundreds of thousands of people a day couldn't get back into their accounts; 10-12M users lost per year
  • They preserved the ability to log out (many share phones or ration prepaid data) and focused on getting people back in
  • Fixes: an omni-box for email/phone/handle, trusted-device text verification, and saved credentials/passcode
  • The fix drove ~15-20M extra monthly actives a year
  • Getting people back in unexpectedly spiked content creation from second/third accounts, birthing the multiple-accounts team

hundreds of thousands of people a day could not get back into the account

Bangaly Kaba · 01:20:00

we were losing 10 12 million people a year Year from what we called account churn account access churn

Bangaly Kaba · 01:20:30
#instagram#growth#retention#login
Story01:26:30

'I Have 10 Friends Named Amit Kumar' — Facebook's India Problem

Facebook's people graph looked broken in India: users had far fewer friends in common and lots of friending/unfriending, and no data test cracked it. Bangaly flew engineers to homes in Delhi and Mumbai every few months to watch people make friends, and learned the Western-centric profile (school, job title) was useless there — users ignored it and scanned photos for a friend's car or animal instead. The most common name, Amit Kumar, had ~250,000 real people a month, making recommendations culturally impossible without a rethink.

  • In India, friendship connections averaged ~7 friends in common vs ~22 in the US, with heavy friend/unfriend churn
  • Data tests failed, so the team did on-the-ground understand work in Delhi and Mumbai homes every three months
  • Facebook's Western-centric profile fields (school, job title) were irrelevant; users scanned photos instead
  • 'Amit Kumar' was the most common name — ~250,000 real people a month — making name-based recommendations nearly impossible

this guy's named Amit Kumar I have 10 friends named Amit Kumar right like what is this page going to tell me

Bangaly Kaba · 01:27:30

the most common name was Amit Kumar there was like 250,000 people a month who used AIT Kumar like who were like real people

Bangaly Kaba · 01:28:30
#facebook#india#user-research#growth
Story01:29:30

Fail Corner: Misreading Instacart's DNA

Bangaly's candid failure was Instacart, where he arrived with a big product vision but was out of tune with the company's operations-heavy DNA. They needed a tactical, hands-on, in-the-weeds leader; he wanted to build systems, people, and processes, and it became loggerheads. His lesson: do understand work before taking a job — and talk not just to current employees but to people who've left, who give the rawer, truer picture.

  • Instacart was his weakest stretch — he brought a big vision but misread the ops-first company DNA
  • They needed tactical, in-the-weeds leadership; he leaned toward systems, people, and processes
  • The mismatch became loggerheads — he felt he wasn't delivering what they wanted or being supported
  • Lesson: do understand work before taking a job, and talk to people who've left, not just current staff, to triangulate the truth

my time at instacart was probably not my best time

Bangaly Kaba · 01:29:30

the people left will tell you what the worst version their or their version

Bangaly Kaba · 01:31:30
#career#instacart#failure#job-search

Tool· 1

Tool01:32:30

The Interview Question: Stack-Rank These 5 Skills

Bangaly's favorite interview question, especially for senior hires, is to name the five skills critical for the role and ask the candidate to stack-rank themselves one to five. It beats 'what are your strengths and weaknesses' because it forces contextualization against the actual job and reveals self-awareness. He then digs into why they ranked #2, #4, and #5 where they did.

  • Identify the ~five skills critical for the role beforehand
  • Ask the candidate to stack-rank themselves 1 (strongest) to 5 (weakest) on those skills
  • It's better than 'strengths and weaknesses' — it forces contextualization against the job
  • Digging into the reasoning reveals self-awareness and whether their skills match the current need

I want you to stack rank them for me one to five right so one being the one you're strongest at and five being the…

Bangaly Kaba · 01:33:00

it's way better than saying give me your strengths and weaknesses

Bangaly Kaba · 01:33:30
#hiring#interviewing#management

Takeaway· 1

Takeaway20:00

Don't Get One Mentor — Build a Stable of Three or Four

Instead of a single mentor, Bangaly recommends assembling three or four and meeting each on a different Friday of the month. With one mentor, a single cancellation can leave you without anyone to talk to for two months. A stable means you always have someone to bounce ideas off of, even when one or two cancel.

  • Have three or four mentors, not one
  • Meet a different mentor on each Friday of the month
  • One mentor + a cancellation can mean two months with no one to talk to
  • A stable keeps your growth continuous even when people are busy

it's actually better to have a stable of mentors you want to have three or four

Bangaly Kaba · 20:00
#mentorship#career#growth